This section illustrates the main topology of a VoIP solution.

The IP PBX must be connected to the network switch to become part of the customer’s network.

Any additional gateways (such as FXO, FXS, GSM, or E1 gateways) must also be connected to the same network switch or any other network switch in the same customer network.

IP phones are typically connected to the network switch, although some models can connect via Wi-Fi if supported.

Analog phones cannot connect directly to the IP PBX over the network; they must be connected through FXS ports, either built into the IP PBX or provided via an external FXS gateway.

In summary, all devices including gateways and IP phones connect through the network infrastructure, and no devices (other than supported analog connections via FXS) are directly connected to the IP PBX.